Advanced manufacturing and materials
  • Advanced additive manufacturing beyond prototyping, especially for metals, ceramics, and large-scale structures
  • Smart manufacturing and use of digital threads and digital twins
  • Nanomanufacturing
  • Materials by design utilizing AI and autonomous development and production
  • High entropy alloys
  • Advanced composites and lightweight metals
  • Materials with novel, tailored, and improved properties, including biomaterials and substitution of rare-earth or critical minerals-based alloys with earth-abundant minerals
Artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomy
  • Perception, recognition, and sensor fusion
  • Planning, reasoning, and decision-making
  • Robotics and embodied intelligence
  • Foundation models, including large language, multimodal, and world systems
  • Multi-agent systems and swarm intelligence
  • Autonomous systems for surface, air, maritime, space, and cyber domains
  • Autonomous command and control
  • Autonomous agent identification and authentication
  • Interpretability and control
  • Adversarial robustness and AI security
  • Techniques to enable next-generation AI systems, such as continual learning
  • Distributed and privacy-preserving machine learning
Biotechnology
  • Novel synthetic biology including nucleic acid synthesis; genome and epigenome engineering; protein design, synthesis, and engineering; and computational modeling
  • Engineering of sub-cellular, multicellular, multi-scale, cell-free, and viral systems
  • Novel therapeutic design and manufacturing
  • Biotic/abiotic interfaces and novel materials
  • Biomanufacturing and bioprocessing technologies
  • Neurotechnologies
Communications and networking
  • Future generation wireless networks
  • Optical links and fiber technologies
  • Spectrum access technologies
  • Software-defined networking and radios
  • Modern data exchange techniques
  • Adaptive network controls
  • Resilient and path-diverse communications, including delay-tolerant and infrastructure-independent networking, adaptive waveforms, and space and stratospheric modalities
Directed energy
  • Lasers
  • High-power microwaves
  • Particle beams
Future computing technologies
  • Advanced and next-generation computing architectures
  • Photonic, neuromorphic, and other non-Von Neumann computing modalities
  • High-performance supercomputing, including for AI applications
  • Edge computing and devices for tactical environments
  • Brain-computer interfaces
  • Enabling technologies for high security computing
  • Hardened operating systems for consumer use
  • Advanced spatial computing
Hypersonics and advanced missile technologies
  • Propulsion
  • Aerodynamics and control
  • Materials, structures, and manufacturing
  • Testing
  • Detection, tracking, characterization, and defense
Information management and cybersecurity
  • Data management, including storage and security
  • AI-enabled and autonomous cyber capabilities
  • Distributed ledger technologies and digital assets
  • Digital identity technologies and biometrics
  • Computing supply chain security and assurance
  • Communications, network, and cyber-physical systems security
  • Post-quantum cryptography
  • Operational technology and industrial control system security and resilience
Space Technologies and Systems
  • In-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing as well as enabling technologies
  • Technology enablers for cost-effective on-demand, and reusable space launch systems
  • Technologies that enable access to and use of cislunar space and/or novel orbits
  • Sensors and data analysis tools for space-based observations 
  • Space propulsion 
  • Advanced space vehicle power generation
  • Novel space vehicle thermal management
  • Crewed spaceflight enablers
  • Resilient and path-diverse space communication systems, networks, and ground stations
  • Space launch, range, and safety technologies
Nuclear energy
  • Advanced fission reactors
  • Fusion energy
  • Space nuclear power and propulsion systems
  • High-temperature and radiation resistant materials
Positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT)
  • Diversified PNT-enabling technologies for airborne, space-based, terrestrial, subterranean, and underwater settings
  • Interference, jamming, and spoofing detection
  • Disruption/denial-resisting and hardening technologies
  • Chip-scale frequency standards, inertial sensors, and atomic clocks
Quantum information technologies
  • Quantum computing
  • Quantum sensing
  • Quantum communications and networking
  • Enabling components, algorithms, materials, and fabrication techniques
Semiconductors and microelectronics
  • Design automation tools
  • Advanced manufacturing process technologies and equipment
  • Beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology
  • Heterogeneous integration and advanced packaging
  • Specialized hardware components for AI, RF and optical applications, elevated radiation environments, high-power devices, and other critical applications
  • Novel materials for advanced microelectronics, including 2D materials
  • Microelectromechanical and Nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS)
  • Integrated photonics
Sensing and signature management
  • Advanced sensors and sensor systems, including distributed apertures
  • Data processing and fusion
  • Adaptive optics
  • Detection and characterization of pathogens and of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons and threat materials
Space technologies
  • Cost-effective on-demand and reusable space launch
  • Advanced space vehicle power generation and propulsion
  • Novel space vehicle thermal management
  • Access to and use of cislunar space and novel orbits
  • In-space aggregation and assembly
  • Biotechnologies for space applications
  • Crewed spaceflight enablers